CPU: Central Processing Unit

CPU: Central Processing Unit

CPU is the central processing unit which is responsible for carrying out all the activities within the internal structure of the computer. The system works as a program which at times needs up gradation to increase its efficiency and effectiveness so that people can easily work on it. Moreover the RAM and ROM can also be found on the computer.

CPU is one of the most important elements of the computer as each and everything needs to be carried out through it. All the information is to be stored in the CPU and at time the information can be easily accessed but at time it becomes quite hard for the person to get to the exactly saved information. Apart from this CPU is also responsible for performing some other functions which are concerned with the mathematical and operational ability of the computer. Moreover the computer CPU acts as a storage device where much of the information can be easily saved and hence the stored information is found to be quite helpful for many people as it can be retrieved by the person at the time of need. The arithmetical ability if also carried out by the CPU as it does not have any capacity of committing any error at all so all the functions can be performed. The CPU acts according to the instructions of the user.

On the other hand, at times CPU also gathers some of the hidden information from its memory so the process of gathering and extracting that information is known as the logical unit which is another important function of CPU. The operational activities within the CPU are carried out through different steps, where at first the information needs to be found out, then it needs to be decoded and executed and finally the results are to be gathered at the end.

by: Aram Jamal
Software Engineering - Erbil

Introduction to Logic Gates and Boolean Functions

Introduction

Boolean functions may be practically implemented by using electronic gates. The following points are important to understand.

• Electronic gates require a power supply.
• Gate INPUTS are driven by voltages having two nominal values, e.g. 0V and 5V representing logic 0 and logic 1 respectively.
• The OUTPUT of a gate provides two nominal values of voltage only, e.g. 0V and 5V representing logic 0 and logic 1 respectively. In general, there is only one output to a logic gate except in some special cases.
• There is always a time delay between an input being applied and the output responding.
  

  Truth Tables

  Truth tables are used to help show the function of a logic gate. If you are unsure about truth tables and need guidence on how go about drawning them for individual gates or logic circuits then use the truth table section link.
  
  
  

  Logic gates

  OR gate

  
  

  The NOT gate is an electronic circuit that produces an inverted version of the input at its output.  It is also known as an inverter.  If the input variable is A, the inverted output is known as NOT A.  This is also shown as A', or A with a bar over the top, as shown at the outputs. The diagrams below show two ways that the NAND logic gate can be configured to produce a NOT gate. It can also be done using NOR logic gates in the same way.

  

  NAND gate

  
  

  
  

  This is a NOT-AND gate which is equal to an AND gate followed by a NOT gate.  The outputs of all NAND gates are high if any of the inputs are low. The symbol is an AND gate with a small circle on the output. The small circle represents inversion.

  NOR gate

  This is a NOT-OR gate which is equal to an OR gate followed by a NOT gate.  The outputs of all NOR gates are low if any of the inputs are high.

  The symbol is an OR gate with a small circle on the output. The small circle represents inversion.

  EXOR gate

  The 'Exclusive-OR' gate is a circuit which will give a high output if either, but not both, of its two inputs are high.  An encircled plus sign () is used to show the EOR operation.

  EXNOR gate

  The 'Exclusive-NOR' gate circuit does the opposite to the EOR gate. It will give a low output if either, but not both, of its two inputs are high. The symbol is an EXOR gate with a small circle on the output. The small circle represents inversion.

  
  The NAND and NOR gates are called universal functions since with either one the AND and OR functions and NOT can be generated.
  Note:
  A function in sum of products form can be implemented using NAND gates by replacing all AND and OR gates by NAND gates.
  

  A function in product of sums form can be implemented using NOR gates by replacing all AND and OR gates by NOR gates.

  Table 1: Logic gate symbols
  
  Table 2 is a summary truth table of the input/output combinations for the NOT gate together with all possible input/output combinations for the other gate functions. Also note that a truth table with 'n' inputs has 2ⁿ rows. You can compare the outputs of different gates.
  Table 2: Logic gates representation using the Truth table
  

  Example

  A NAND gate can be used as a NOT gate using either of the following wiring configurations.
  
                                          (You can check this out using a truth table.)
  

  
  

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  Problem

  Draw the circuit diagrams like the ones in the example above to show how a NOR gate can be made into a NOT gate.
  Click here for answers.
  
  

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  Multiple Input Gates

  There are also multiple input gates if you want to know more about them then click on the link below.
  
  Multiple Input Gates
  
  

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  Tutorials with LabVIEW simulations

  Here are some tutorials using LabVIEW simulations to show the gate functions and some of the different ways that gates can be configured.
  Tutorials and Simulations
  
  

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  Gates and Functions Quiz

  There is a quiz available to test what you have learned so far. quiz
  
  

  
  
  
  

How to format and Partition Windows 7

This video takes a look at how to both install Windows 7 and also repartition your hard drive at the point of install.

We know that you can repartition your hard drive from within Windows 7 after you have installed and setup the operating system but you can also manage you hard drive at the point you install Windows.

It is important that you back up your important files and folders before you follow anything in this screencast video to protect your data.

Highly flexible touch sensors are appearing in a range of gadgets

Highly flexible touch sensors are appearing in a range of gadgets

Highly flexible, film-based touch sensors are entering the smartphone and tablet markets.* They are also extending touch capabilities into a range of new consumer and industrial products. Using roll-to-roll metal mesh technology, they provide a high-performance alternative to existing touch sensors. Larger, lighter, sleeker, curved and edgeless designs can now be developed for handheld devices. Thinner sensor stacks with flawless touch performance, excellent optical clarity, low sheet resistance and low power consumption are enabling designers to turn unique, futuristic concepts into functional designs at lower total system costs compared to previous market alternatives.

Digital Works 3.04

Digital Works 3.04 is a graphical design tool that enables you to construct digital logic circuits and to analyses their behavior through real time simulation. Its intuitive, easy to use interface makes it the ideal choice for learning or teaching digital electronics.

Website :	http://www.sed-erbil.blogspot.com/
Serial :	8290-0017-0300-0088
File Size :	1,6 Mb

Download : Click here to download it

University Of Salahaddin
College of Engineering
Software Department


www.sed.erbil.blogspot.com
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by:Aram Jamal

TextPad 6 Downloads

TextPad 6 Downloads:  Download here 

by: ARAM JAMAL
Software Engineering
University of Salahaddin - Erbil

You are welcome to download a copy of TextPad for evaluation, or to upgrade an earlier release. There is no charge for the download, but you must pay for the software if you decide to keep it. A single user license costs only £16.50 GBP (approximately $27 USD).
Please note that TextPad 6 is only available in English, French, German, Italian, Japanese and Dutch at present. Other language editions will be released as they are translated.
These zipped MSI files contain TextPad, with the English user interface, plus one other language, and a dictionary for the spell checker, as shown in the table. (Other dictionaries may be downloaded separately.) If the online help is not available in a given language, it is supplied in English.
Please read the Installation Instructions, while the file is downloading.

Installation Instructions:

After you have downloaded the zip file, extract the MSI file, run it and follow the instructions.
Important: The installation process will preserve your current TextPad settings.
Minimum Requirements:
TextPad 6 is supported on the 32-bit and 64-bit editions of XP, Vista and Windows 7, and on Server 2003 and 2008.
The Japanese edition requires the Japanese locale to be installed.
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